The U.S. Government

Our Nation Explained In A Way We All Can Understand

Because democracy only works when we understand it

Menu
State Guide39th/40th StateEst. 1889
South Dakota State Flag

South Dakota

"The Mount Rushmore State"

Four presidents carved into sacred Lakota land. One of the most important massacre sites in American history. The credit card capital of the United States. Half a million bikers descending on a town of 7,000 every August. South Dakota is endlessly surprising, a state where the Great Plains meet granite mountains, ancient fossil beds, and some of the most dramatic unresolved history in the American West.

1889
Year of statehood
920K
People (2025 est.)
3.5M+
Cattle, more than people
$1.3B
Uncollected Lakota land judgment

About South Dakota

South Dakota is a state of dramatic contrasts. East of the Missouri River, it is flat, fertile, and agricultural , an extension of the Corn Belt where Sioux Falls has quietly grown into one of the most economically dynamic mid-sized cities in the country. West of the Missouri, everything changes: the land rises into pine-covered hills, volcanic rock formations, and the alien terrain of the Badlands, a landscape that looks like nothing else on earth.

South Dakota's history is defined by the collision between westward American expansion and the Lakota Sioux, one of the most powerful Indigenous nations in North America. The Black Hills, seized in violation of a federal treaty, became the site of Mount Rushmore, one of the most iconic images in American history. The land claim dispute that followed produced a $1.3 billion uncollected court judgment that the Lakota refuse to accept because they want the land, not the money.

Modern South Dakota is reliably Republican, increasingly prosperous in Sioux Falls, home to a powerful credit card industry, and slowly grappling with the legacy of Wounded Knee and the ongoing poverty of its reservation communities, which remain among the most economically distressed places in the United States.

The four carved granite faces of Mount Rushmore, Washington, Jefferson, Roosevelt, and Lincoln, in the Black Hills of South Dakota

Geography, Four Distinct Regions

The Missouri River divides South Dakota into two worlds , the flat agricultural east and the rugged, iconic west, including the Black Hills and the Badlands.

Visitors at Mount Rushmore National Memorial in the Black Hills, the iconic monument that draws nearly three million tourists annually and anchors South Dakota's tourism-driven economy

Economy

South Dakota's economy blends its agricultural heartland with a surprisingly large financial services sector, a major tourism industry, and one of the most business-friendly tax environments in the country.

Eroded buttes and pinnacles of Badlands National Park glowing in golden light, South Dakota